Chemical production processing unit

ABSTRACT

A chemical production processing unit comprising an externally heated autoclave. The autoclave cover is provided with a hole for charging a heterogeneous system. A hollow housing is rotatably mounted on the autoclave cover and is externally provided with blades for stirring the heterogeneous system and internally provided with a helical groove. A pipe for discharging the heterogeneous system is accommodated in the autoclave bottom in such a manner that the inlet opening of the pipe is located above the maximum admissible level of the liquid phase of the heterogeneous system in the autoclave.

United States Patent Chernykh [4 1 Sept. 2, 1975 CHEMICAL PRODUCTIONPROCESSING UNIT Inventor: Vitaly Petrovlch Chernykh, ulitsa Kurchutova,9, kv. 4, Irkutsk.

U.S.S.R.

Filed: Jan. 4, 1974 Appl. No.: 430,612

US. Cl. 23/290; 210/413; 210/393; 210/408; 259/7; 259/8; 259/43;259/44', 259/107; 259/108 Int. Cl. .Q 501.] 3/04 Field of Search 23/285,290, 290.5, 260; 210/413, 414, 415, 393, 408; 259/7, 8, 43,

Reierences Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS v III Illilllll lll.

FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 983,477 2/1965 United Kingdom 259/726.398 12/1955 Germany ..259/8 Primary Examiner-JamesH. Tayman, Jr.Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Waters, Schwartz & Nissen [57] ABSTRACT Achemical production processing unit comprising an externally heatedautoclave. The autoclave cover is provided with a hole for charging aheterogeneous system. A hollow housing is rotatably mounted on theautoclave cover and is externally provided with blades for stirring theheterogeneous system and internally provided with a helical groove. Apipe for discharging the heterogeneous system is accommodated in theautoclave bottom in such a manner that the inlet opening of the pipe islocated above the maximum admissible level of the liquid phase of theheterogeneous system in the autoclave.

10 Claims, 3 Drawing Figure s PATENTEDSEP I 3 902 858 SHEET 1 1F 3 F/EJ. PATENTEBSEP 2|975 CHEMICAL PRODUCTION PROCESSING UNIT The presentinvention relates to the equipment for conducting chemical productionprocesses, and more particularly it is concerned with a chemicalproduction processing unit.

The present invention may be the most advantageously used in leachingaluminium from bauxites, extracting nickel and cobalt from suplhideconcentrates by the Sherrit-Gordon method and in extracting uranium frommineral concentrates.

Known in the art is a chemical production processing unit which is usedin particular in leaching aluminium from bauxites. The unit includes aheated autoclave. The autoclave comprises a hermetically sealed housing.The housing cover is provided with a hole for charging a pulp. The pulpis discharged through the overflow pipe accommodated in the autoclavecover. Mounted in the bottom plate of the autoclave is a pipe forsupplying steam under pressure into the autoclave which is fed directlyinto the pulp. The steam is used to heat and agitate the pulp. The pulpis pumped into the autoclave by means of a piston pump. The stirring ofthe pulp is effected by injecting steam through the pulp stratum. Thepulp is expelled through the overflow pipe under the steam pressure.

In the known unit for leaching of aluminium from bauxites there is nointensive stirring, whereby the duration of the leaching process isincreased, and the yield of the aluminium extraction is reduced. Thisunit is unsuitable for processing heavy abrasive pulps and aggressivemedia due to the difficulties encountered in pumping of heavy abrasivepulps by means of a piston pump and in their discharging through theoverflow pipe. The pump rapidly fails, the seals are subject toexcessive wear. Heavy abrasive medium clogges the overflow pipe. Thestirring of the pulp with steam is inadmissible for such chemicalproduction process as the extraction of tantalum and niobium frommineral concentrates since water is undesirable component is this case.The above-described processing unit has low yield of extraction ofvaluable components from the pulp since a part of the pulp present inthe overflow pipe takes no part in the leaching process. The pulp cannotbe completely discharged from the autoclave since the overflow pipeshould be spaced at a certain distance from the bottom plate of theautoclave to ensure the hermetical sealing of the autoclave and toprevent the overflow pipe from clogging with the solid components of thepulp, since the accumulation of mud takes place in the bottom portion.Furthermore, the continuous mode of operation during the conduct of thechemical production process is maintained only by having a battery ofautoclaves, as well as by using delivery pumps and continuous steamsupply.

Known in the art is also a chemical production processing unit to beused e.g., in leaching aluminium from bauxites. This unit comprises anexternally heated autoclave. The autoclave housing is heated by anelectric heater. The autoclave cover is provided with a hole forcharging the pulp being processed. The pulp is stirred by a propelleragitator driven by an electric motor via a reduction gear. The processedpulp is discharged through an overflow pipe secured in the autoclavecover.

The use of the overflow pipe for discharging the processed pulp cannotensure the complete discharge since in order to have a space forrotation of the propeller agitator and to ensure the hermetical sealingof the assembly housing-cover, the overflow pipe should be spaced at acertain distance from the autoclave bottom plate. In addition, theoverflow pipe is unsuitable for discharging heavy, and especiallycoarse-grained pulps since in this case the precipitation of the solidphase takes place with clogging of the pipe. During the stirring of thepulp in the autoclave the pulp remains immobilized in the overflow pipeand practically is not leached, thereby resulting in reduced yield ofaluminium extraction. The autoclave having the overflow pipe for thepulp discharge is inconvenient in operation when inserted in theproduction line of equipment intended for performance of a continuousprocess, such as for conducting continuous processing of sulphidecopper-nickel-cobalt concentrates by the Sherrit- Gordon method sincethere is no opportunity of controlling the amount of pulp passingthrough the autoclave. The discharge of the processed pulp from theautoclave through the overflow pipe can be effected only under thepressure of a vapour and gas medium in the autoclave or due to the useof an independent external pressure source. This is not convenient wherethe autoclave is to be used for conducting the intermittent processingsince the pressure of a steam-gas medium is associated with hightemperature thereof, and hence the discharge of the processed pulp fromthe autoclave is dangerous due to the risk of expulsion of the entirecontent thereof. Generally the autoclave is cooled at room temperature,and then compressed gas is fed to expell the processed pulp through theoverflow pipe. Such method of discharging the pulp is associated withadditional power consumption for obtaining compressed gas.

It is an object of the invention to improve the efficiency of operationof a chemical production processing unit due to improved conditions ofstirring and discharging of a heterogeneous system processed therein.

It is another object of the invention to improve the yield of extractionof valuable elements from the heterogeneous system.

Still another object of the invention is to improve the productivity ofthe chemical production processing unit and the quality of the desiredproduct.

Finally, it is an object of the invention to reduce the time spent forpreparatory operations, such as cleaning and washing associated with thetransition to a new chemical production process.

In accordance with the above and other objects, the present inventionconsists of a chemical production processing unit comprising anexternally heated autoclave having a hole for charging a heterogeneoussystem composed of liquid, solid and gaseous components, said holebeingarranged in the autoclave cover, and means for stirring theheterogeneous system. According to the invention said means for stirringthe heterogeneous system comprises a hollow housing rotatably mounted onthe autoclave cover, said housing being externally provided withstirring blades and internally provided with a helical groove, saidhousing enclosing a pipe for discharging the processed heterogeneoussystem accommodated in the bottom plate of the autoclave in such amanner that the inlet opening of the pipe is located above the maximumadmissible level of the liquid phase of the heterogeneous system in theautoclave.

Such embodiment of the chemical production processing unit makes itpossible to effect an intensive stirring of the entire volume of thepulp charged into the autoclave since the pulp contained in an annularspace formed between the inner surface of the housing and the outersurface of the pipe for discharging the pulp is intensively stirred andhence leached. This results in improved yield of extraction of valuableelements from the pulp, that is in reduced content of valuable elementin the leaching cakes. In addition, the above-described unit ensuresreliable and more complete discharge of the pulp from the autoclave, andthe degree of utilization of the working space of the autoclave isthereby improved.- The unit enables the continuous autoclave processingunder high pressure since it is readily insertable in the line of thecontinuously operating equipment. The pulp stirring without itsdischarge can be effected in this unit, as well as the pulp dischargewithout stirring thereof. The unit enables considerable reduction of thetime spent for preparatory operations in the batch processingautoclaves, such as for cleaning, washing and assembly of the autoclave.

The hollow housing should preferably enclose the pipe for dischargingthe heterogeneous system so as to form an annular space between theouter surface of the pipe and the inner surface of the housing.

Where the pipe for discharging the heterogeneous system is excentricallyarranged relative to the hollow housing, the productivity of theautoclave is abruptly decreased during the discharge of theheterogeneous system since only a part of the groove on one side of thehousing takes part in the operation. In addition, power consumption isincreased due to the maceration of solid components of the heterogeneoussystem between the interengaging surfaces of the hollow housing and pipefor discharging the heterogeneous system, the service life of the pipefor discharging the heterogeneous system and of the hollow housing isreduced, and additional circulatory losses appear which result indecreased productivity of the autoclave during the discharge of theprocessed heterogeneous system.

The helical groove on the inner surface of the hollow housing preferablyextends only over the portion of the entrance of the heterogeneoussystem into the hollow housing.

This results in reduced power consumption for overcoming the force ofattrition between the abrasive particles of the heterogeneous system andthe helical groove during the pumping of the heterogeneous system fromthe bottom part of the autoclave.

The inner space of the pipe for discharging the heterogeneous system ispreferably communicated with the vapourand gas-containing space of theautoclave by means of a control valve.

The communication of the inner space of the pipe for discharging theheterogeneous system with the vaporand gas-containing space of theautoclave by means of a control valve ensures a flexible and smoothdischarge with the control of the amount of the heterogeneous mediumbeing discharged over a wide range. This is especially important inconducting the continuous autoclave processing, where the autoclave isinserted in the line of equipment operating under high pressure.

The direction of the helical groove is preferably opposite to therotational direction of the hollow housing so as to ensure the stirringof the heterogeneous system without discharging it.

For discharging the heterogeneous system the direction of the helicalgroove in the hollow housing should preferably coincide with that of therotation of the hollow housing.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent fromthe following detailed description of a specific embodiment thereof withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic general view of a chemical productionprocessing unit according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a partial enlarged longitudinal section of an autoclaveaccording to the invention having means for stirring and discharging theheterogeneous system;

FIG. 3 shows the bottom portion of the autoclave with means fordischarging a solution of the heterogeneous system and a sampler forliquid products.

The leaching of aluminium from bauxites also represents the chemicalproduction process.

The unit for leaching aluminium from bauxites comprises an autoclave 1(FIG. 1) and an electric heater 2 providing the heating of theautoclave 1. The electric heater 2 is closed by a heat insulating casing3. For convenient operation the autoclave 1 is mounted on a support 4which is vertically movable along a guide frame 5 made from tubes in theform of a parallelepiped and can be fixed on the frame in a desiredposition. The use of the frame 5 ensures better conditions for assemblyof the autoclave 1 during its maintenance and permits the positioning ofthe autoclave during the operation at a desired level above the floor orto dispose the group of the autoclave in the aligned position, as wellas in the form of a multi-storage plant for operation under gravity andfor ensuring complete discharge of the pulp from the communicationconduits. The autoclave 1 compries a hermetically sealed receptacle andis provided with a removable cover 6 supporting a seal 7 of a shaft 8 ofmeans for stirring the pulp which constitutes a heterogeneous system.The pulp consists of finely divided bauxite and aqueous solution ofcaustic soda. The pulp is charged into the autoclave 1 through a hole 9made in the cover 6. In addition, the cover 6 has an opening foraccommodation of a pipe 10 (FIG. 2) having a soldered end for athermocouple (not shown in the drawings) for measuring the pulptemperature. For monitoring the performance of the production process ofleaching of bauxites, a sampler 11 for vapour and gas phase is mountedin the cover 6 (FIG. 1), while a sampler 13 for liquid phase is mountedin a bottom plate 12 (FIG. 2) of the autoclave 1. Means for stirring thepulp comprises a hollow housing 14 (FIG. 2) attached to the shaft 8which is driven by an electric motor 15 (FIG. 1) mounted on the cover 6of the autoclave 1. The hollow housing 14 (FIG. 2) is externallyprovided with blades 16 for stirring the pulp, while the inner surfaceof the housing is provided with a helical groove 17 which may extendonly over the portion of the pulp entrance so as to reduce powerconsumption due to the attrition of the abrasive particles of the pulp.The lower end of the hollow housing 14 is spaced at a distance ofseveral millimeters from the bottom plate 12 of the autoclave 1. A pipe18 is accommodated in the bottom plate 12 for pulp discharge so that itsinlet opening is located above the maximum admissible level of liquidphase, of the pulp in the autoclave 1, such as the solution of causticsoda. The hollow housing. 14 encloses the pipe 18 so that an annularspace 19 is formed between the outer surface of the pipe 18 and theinner surface of the housing 14. A multiple filter is mounted in thebottom plate 12 so as to ensure the production of clean sodium aluminatesolution. The multiple filter consists of three filters. A lower coarsefilter 20 is made of stainless steel by the powder metallurgy method.

The filter 20'is enclosed with its outer periphery into a metallic ring21, while theinner periphery ofthe filter embraces a ring 22. Therings'21and 22 prevent nonfiltered pulp from leaking egg-into areceptacle for the solutionby-passing a filter 23. The upper filter 20is snug fitted atthe level of the bottom plate 12. This is important inorder to'eliminate-the formation of dead spaces," that is of the spaceswith bad'agitati'on and circulation of the pulp. The filter 20.protectsagainst mechanical damage a fine filter 23, which is made of asbestospaper and ensures fine purification of liquid phase of the pulp, such ascaustic soda solution. A

lower fine filter 24 is made of stainless steel powder by the powdermetallurgymethod. This filter constitutes the support for the filter 23and protects it against breaking-through during the pulp filtering underhigh pressure. The filter 23 is sealed by a gasket 25 made of asbestospaper. Such multiple filter' is chemically and thermallyresistantagainst the action of aggressive medium at high temperature.The pulp can be discharged from the autoclave 1 by using ,the pressureof vapour andgas medium. In order to provide for flexible and smoothcontrol of the amount ,of the pulp being discharged, the inner space 26of thepipe l8 communicates with the vapourand gas-containing space ofthe autoclave l by means of a conduit 27 through a control valve 28. i

The outlet opening of the pipe 18 is closed by a plug 29 (FIG. 3) wherethe autoclave is used for the intermittent processing.

A vertically extending passage 30 is provided in the wall of the pipe 18to discharge the sodium aluminate filtrate. The passage 30 communicateswith an annular space 31 disposed above the multiple filter forcollecting filtered sodium aluminate, and also communicates with thesampler 13' via a valve 32.

The sampler 11 (FIG. 1) for gaseous phase comminicatess with thevapourand gas-containing space of the autoclave l by means of a valve33.

The unit is intended for conducting an intermittent chemical productionprocess, such as leaching of aluminium from bauxites and functions asfollows:

A pulp composed of finely divided bauxite and an aqueous solution ofcaustic soda (NaOH) is charged into the assembled autoclave (FIG. 1)through the hole 9.

The hole 9 is then tightly sealed. The electric heater 2 is energized,and the content of the autoclave l is heated at a required temperature(about 230C) so that a vapour and gas medium is formed within theautoclave 1. Upon the achievement of a desired temperature the electricmotor is energized. In so doing, in order to ensure an intensivestirring of the pulp, the hollow housing 14 (FIG. 2) is to be rotated inthe direction opposite to the direction of the helical groove 17.

During the rotation of the hollow housing 14 the pulp is stirred. Thepulp is subjected to leaching for a desired time period (about 2-3hours).

After the leaching has been completed, the entire volume of the solutionis filtered under the pressure of the vapour and gas medium, which isformed in the autoclave 1. Then the sampler 13 (FIG. 3) is removed, anda receptacle (not shown) is connected to the autoclave 1. The valve 32is opened, and the solution of sodium aluminate is collected from theautoclave 1 through the filters 20, 23 and 24 in the annular space 31,wherefrom the solution is discharged into the receptacle. Then the valve32 is closed, and the receptacle is disconnected from the autoclave 1.Waste ore remaining on the filter 20 is referred to as cake. In order toremove the cake from the autoclave 1, water is poured into the autoclavethrough the hole 9 (FIG. 1) or through the valve 32 (FIG. 3). Then theelectric motor 15 is energized. The hollow housing 14 with the blades 16will thoroughly agitate the cake with water. The plug 18 is then removedfrom the pipe 18. The rotational direction of the hollow housing 14 isanalogous with the direction of the helical groove 17, and the rotatinghollow housing 14 operates as a screw pump in combination with the pipe18. The cake with water are discharged through the inner space 26 of thepipe 18. The autoclave 1 is then washed with fresh water, and the pipe18 is closed with the plug 29. The autoclave l is now ready for a newcycle of operation.

In conducting a continuous chemical production process, such as in theautoclave leaching of sulphide copper-nickel-cobalt concentrate by theSherrit-Gordon method the autoclave l is mounted in the line of theequipment consisting of several autoclaves, receptacles, filters,centrifuges and other continuous-action apparatus (not shown in thedrawings).

A conduit from a distribution tank with a pulp or a conduit of a pulpdelivery pump (not shown in the drawings) is connected to the flange ofthe hole 9. The plug 29 is removed from the pipe 18 (FIG. 3) and thelatter is connected to a conduit leading to a next unit, for instance toa similar autoclave or to a receiving tank (not shown in the drawings).

A pulp consisting of sulphide concentrate, water, ammonia and air oxygenis continuously fed into the autoclave 1 through a conduit (not shown)and the hole 9 (FIG. 1).

The electric heater 2 is energized, and the autoclave l with the pulp isheated at a desired temperature.

Then the electric motor 15 is energized so that the rotational directionof the hollow housing 14 (FIG. 2) should be analogous with the directionof the helical groove 17. The intensive stirring of the pulp takesplace, and the leaching process begins.

Under steady operating conditions the pulp is continuously fed into theautoclave 1 through a conduit (not shown) and the hole 9 (FIG. 1). Thepulp is leached and concurrently continuously discharged through theinner space 26 of the pipe 18 (FIG. 2) from the autoclave for feedinginto a next unit.

The control valve 28 in the conduit 27 communicating the inner space 26of the pipe 18 with the vapourand gas-containing space of the autoclave1 is adjusted to pass such an amount of the vapour and gas medium thatthe amount of the pulp discharged through the pipe 18 and the pressureof the vapour and gas medium in the autoclave 1 should correspond to theleaching rate. During the continuous leaching the conduct of theproduction process is monitored. For that purpose the valve 32 is opened(FIG. 3), and the solution is fed through the passage 30 into thesampler 13, while in order to check the conditions of the gaseous phase,the valve 33 is opened (FIG. 2), and gas is fed into the sampler l 1.

During the leaching the pulp temperature is monitored by means of thethermocouple mounted in the pipe 10 (FIG. 2).

In the case of troubles in the process of leaching the pulp dischargefrom the autoclave 1 should be interrupted. For that purpose the controlvalve is completely opened. The hollow housing 14 is rotated in thedirection opposite to the direction of the helicalgroove 17. In thatcase the leaching process can be conducted in the autoclave for a longertime until complete extraction of valuable elements from the pulp, andonly after that the pulp discharge can be again restored for feeding thepulp into a next unit of the production line.

Where it is desired to accelerate the pulp discharge from the autoclavel, the control valve 28 is almost completely closed or shut-off, and therotational direction of the hollow housing 14 should in this case beanalogous with the direction of the helical groove 17 for dischargingthe pulp.

What is claimed is:

l. A chemical production processing unit comprising: an externallyheated autoclave; a cover of said autoclave with a hole for charging aof a heterogeneous system consisting of solid, liquid and gaseouscomponents; a bottom plate of said autoclave with a pipe for dischargingthe heterogeneous system accommodated in said bottom plate so that theinlet opening of said pipe is located above the highest admissible levelof the liquid phase of the heterogeneous system in said autoclave; anannular projection with an annular recess on said pipe; a hollow housingrotatably mounted in said cover of said autoclave, said housing havinginternally a helical groove and enclosing said pipe for discharging theheterogeneous system; blades on the, external surface of said hollowhousing for stirring the heterogeneous system; a device for controllingthe discharging of the heterogeneous system in the form of a pipe, oneend of said pipe communicating with the space of said pipe fordischarging the heterogeneous system located below said hollow housing,and the other end of said pipe communicating with the vapor-gas space ofsaid autoclave, said two pipes forming communicating vessels; afiltering device mounted in the bottom plate of said autoclave andsupported by the annular projection of said pipe for discharging theheterogeneous system and consisting of a set of coarse-pore andfine-pore filtering elements forming together with said annular recessan annular cavity communicating with the passage for discharge of thefiltrate from said autoclave and for the supply of blow gas thereto.

2. A unit according to claim- 1, wherein said hollow housing encloses.said pipe for discharging the heterogeneous system in such a manner thatan annular space is formed between the outer surface of said pipe andthe inner surface of said hollow housing.

3. A unit according to claim 1, wherein said helical groove on saidinner surface of said hollow housing extends over the portion of theentrance of the heterogenous system into said hollow housing. I

4. A unit according to claim 2, wherein said helical groove on saidinner surface of said hollow housing extends over the portion of theentrance of the heterogeneous system into said hollow housing.

5. A unit according to claim 1, comprising: a control valve for flexibleand smooth control of the amount of the discharged heterogeneous system;said valve communicating the inner space of said pipe for dischargingthe heterogeneous system with the vapourand gascontaining space of saidautoclave.

6. A unit according to claim 2, comprising: a control valve for flexibleand smooth control of the amount of the discharged heterogeneous system;said valve communicating the inner space of said pipe for dischargingthe heterogeneous system with the'vapourand gascontaining space of saidautoclave.

7. A unit according to claim 3 comprising a control valve for flexibleand smooth control of the amount of the discharged heterogeneous system;said valve communicating the inner space of said pipe for dischargingthe heterogeneous system with the vapourand gascontaining space of saidautoclave.

8. A unit according to claim 1, wherein the direction of said helicalgroove on said inner surface of said hollow housing is opposite to thedirection of rotation of said hollow housing, whereby an intensivestirring of heterogeneous system is ensured.

9. A unit according to claim 1, wherein the direction of said helicalgroove on said inner surface of said hollow housing coincides with thedirection of rotation of said hollow housing, whereby an intensivedischarge of the heterogeneous system is ensured.

10. A unit according to claim 1, wherein said filtering device hascoarse-pore filtering elements fastened in rings between said fine-porefiltering elements are mounted along the height of said pipe fordischarging the heterogeneous system, the inner rings of saidcoarse-pore filtering elements having a thread contacting the thread onthe pipe for discharging the heterogeneous system.

1. A CHEMICAL PRODUCTION PROCESSING UNITS COMPRISING: AN EXTERNALLYHEATED AUTOCLAVE, A COVER OF SAID AUTOCLAVE WITH A HOLE FOR CHANGING AOF A HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM CONSISTING OF SOLID, LIQUID AND GASEOUSCOMPONENTS, A BOTTOM PLATE OF SAID AUTOCLAVE WITH A PIPE FOR DISCHARGINGTHE HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM ACCOMODATED IN SAID BOTTOM PLATE SO THAT THEINLET OPENING OF SAID PIPE IS LOCATED ABOVE THE HIGHEST ADMISSIBLE LEVELOF THE LIQUID PHASE OF THE HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM IN SAID AUTOCLAVE, ANANNULAR PROJECTION WITH AN ANNULAR RECESS ON SAID PIPE, A HOLLOW HOUSINGROTATABLY MOUNTED IN SAID COVER OF SAID AUTOCLAVE, SAID HOUSING HAVINGINTERNALLY A HELICAL GROOVE AND ENCLOSING SAID PIPE FOR DISCHARGING THEHETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM, BLADES ON THE EXTERNAL SURFACE OF SAID HOLLOWHOUSING FOR STIRRING THE HETERENEOUS SYSTEM, A DEVICE FOR CONTROLLINGTHE DISCHARGEING OF THE HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM IN THE FORM OF A PIPE, ONEEND OF SAID PIPE COMMUNICATING WITH THE SPACE OF SAID PIPE FORDISCHARGING THE HETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM LOCATED BELOW SAID HOLLOW HOUSING,AND THE OTHER END OF SAID PIPE COMMUNICATING WITH THE VAPOR-GAS SPACE OFSAID AUTOCLAVE, SAID TWO PIPES FORMING COMMUNICATING VESSELS, AFILTERING DEVICE MOUNTED IN THE BOTOM PLATE OF SAID AUTOCLAVE ANDSUPPORTED BY THE ANNULAR PROJECTION OF SAID PIPE FOR DISCHARGING THEHETEROGENEOUS SYSTEM AND CONSISTING OF A SET COARSEPORE AND FINE-POREFILTERING ELEMENTS FORMING TOGETHER WITH SAID ANNULAR RECESS AN ANNULARCAVITY COMMUNICATING WITH THE
 2. A unit according to claim 1, whereinsaid hollow housing encloses said pipe for discharging the heterogeneoussystem in such a manner that an annular space is formed between theouter surface of said pipe and the inner surface of said hollow housing.3. A unit according to claim 1, wherein said helical groove on saidinner surface of said hollow housing extends over the portion of theentrance of the heterogenous system into said hollow housing.
 4. A unitaccording to claim 2, wherein said helical groove on said inner surfaceof said hollow housing extends over the portion of the entrance of theheterogeneous system into said hollow housing.
 5. A unit according toclaim 1, comprising: a control valve for flexible and smooth control ofthe amount of the discharged heterogeneous system; said valvecommunicating the inner space of said pipe for discharging theheterogeneous system with the vapour- and gas-containing space of saidautoclave.
 6. A unit according to claim 2, comprising: a control valvefor flexible and smooth control of the amount of the dischargedheterogeneous system; said valve communicating the inner space of saidpipe for discharging the heterogeneous system with the vapour- andgas-containing space of said autoclave.
 7. A unit according to claim 3comprising a control valve for flexible and smooth control of the amountof the discharged heterogeneous system; said valve communicating theinner space of said pipe for discharging the heterogeneous system withthe vapour- and gas- containing space of said autoclave.
 8. A unitaccording to claim 1, wherein the direction of said helical groove onsaid inner surface of said hollow housing is opposite to the directionof rotation of said hollow housing, whereby an intensive stirring ofheterogeneous system is ensured.
 9. A unit according to claim 1, whereinthe direction of said helical groove on said inner surface of saidhollow housing coincides with the direction of rotation of said hollowhousing, whereby an intensive discharge of the heterogeneous system isensured.
 10. A unit according to claim 1, wherein said filtering devicehas coarse-pore filtering elements fastened in rings between saidfine-pore filtering elements are mounted along the height of said pipefor discharging the heterogeneous system, the inner rings of saidcoarse-pore filtering elements having a thread contacting the thread onthe pipe for discharging the heterogeneous system.